As promised earlier in March, Apple today introduced major updates for all of its iWork for iOS apps, including Pages, Keynote, and Numbers.

Today’s update brings enhanced Apple Pencil functionality, coinciding with the addition of Apple Pencil support on the new iPad Air and the fifth-generation iPad mini.

The new version of Keynote allows you to draw paths with your finger or with the Apple Pencil to animate an object, and there are options to add action build effects, like new move, rotate, and scale animations.

You can create and share animated GIFs by exporting one or more slides, and there’s an option to edit presenter notes while presenting or rehearsing a slide show. With Keynote and the other iWork apps, you can also save custom shapes. Keynote’s full release notes are below:

– Draw a path with your finger or Apple Pencil to animate an object across the slide.

– Add emphasis to presentations with action build effects, including move, rotate, and scale animations.

– Create and share an animated GIF by exporting one or more slides.

– Edit presenter notes while presenting or rehearsing a slideshow.

– Save custom shapes for use in other presentations and access them on any device using iCloud.

– Create themes to use as a model for new presentations, and access them on any device using iCloud.

– Slides with custom wider aspect ratios now display better in the slide navigator, light table, and presenter display.

– Create image placeholders to easily replace images without affecting the formatting of your slide.

– Improved performance while collaborating on presentations.

– Edit grouped objects while collaborating.

– Support for vertical text in shapes and text boxes in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages.

In the Numbers app, there’s a new feature for making precise changes to table row and column counts with the format pane, the maximum zoom level has been increased to 400 percent, collaboration features have been improved, and there’s an option to create templates to use as a model for new spreadsheets. The full Numbers release notes are below:

– Make precise changes to table row and column counts and sizes with the format pane.

– Performance and usability improvements to Smart Categories.

– Save custom shapes for use in other spreadsheets, then access them on any device using iCloud.

– Create templates to use as a model for new spreadsheets, and access them on any device using iCloud.

– Increased maximum zoom level to 400%.

– Enhancements to Excel and comma separated value file import.

– Create image placeholders to easily replace images without affecting the formatting of your spreadsheet.

– Improved performance while collaborating on spreadsheets.

– Edit grouped objects while collaborating.

– Support for vertical text in shapes and text boxes in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages.

Pages features a new table of contents view to navigate through a document or book, and a table of contents can be inserted into a page. Custom shapes can be saved and used in other documents, and image placeholders can be added to replace images without affecting page formatting. Release notes for the Pages update are below:

– Use the new table of contents view to easily navigate your document or book.

– Insert a table of contents onto a page in a word-processing document.

– Save custom shapes for use in other documents and access them on any device using iCloud.

– Create templates to use as a model for new documents, and access them on any device using iCloud.

– Create image placeholders to easily replace images without affecting the formatting of your page.

– Switch your document between word processing and page layout.

– Improved performance while collaborating on documents.

– Edit grouped objects while collaborating.

– In Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages, you can now type vertically in your entire document or in an individual text box.

Apple has also updated its iWork for macOS apps with some of the same features that have been added to its iOS apps. All of Apple’s iWork apps for both macOS and iOS are free for you to download.

Apple first announced all of these updates on Monday, March 18, when debuting the new iPad mini and the new iPad Air models. All of Apple’s iPads now support either the original Apple Pencil or the Apple Pencil 2 (iPad Pro models), both which can be used in all of the iWork apps.

Istanbul, Turkey – Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s ruling party is locked in a tight race for control of Istanbul, the country’s largest city, as the main opposition alliance appears set to win the local election race in the capital, according to partial results.

With 99 percent of the votes counted in Istanbul, Binali Yildirim, the candidate of Erdogan’s People’s Alliance and a former prime minister, was in the lead with 48.7 percent, state-run Anadolu Agency said on Sunday. Ekrem Imamoglu, the candidate of the opposition Nation Alliance, had 48.65 percent. 

In Ankara, preliminary results showed that Nation Alliance candidate Mansur Yavas had garnered 50.6 percent, with 92 percent of the votes counted. He was followed by Mehmet Ozhaseki, the People’s Alliance nominee in the capital, with 47.2 percent. 

In the third-largest city, Izmir, the Nation Alliance candidate Mustafa Tunc Soyer was in the lead with 58.1 percent. Nihat Zeybekci, the candidate of Erdogan’s bloc, had 38.5 percent.

Nationwide, with 91.7 percent of the provincial votes counted, the People’s Alliance, which is comprised of the AK Party and the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), had secured 51.7 percent of the votes.

It was followed by Nation Alliance, a coalition made up by the centre-left Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the right-wing Good Party, with 37.6 percent.

Erdogan vows economic reforms

The polls posed a major challenge for Erdogan given a backdrop of high inflation and rising unemployment sparked by a major currency crisis last year.

Speaking at a news conference in Istanbul, Erdogan on Sunday acknowledged that his party had lost control in a number of cities, and pledged that he would focus on carrying out economic reforms.

Erdogan, who was elected last year as the country’s first executive president, said the next polls would be held in June 2023, adding that Turkey would carefully implement a “strong economic programme” without compromising on free-market rules. 

Murat Yetkin, a Turkish political analyst, told Al Jazeera that if “the Erdogan-led AK Party-MHP alliance loses Istanbul [along with Ankara] as well, that means loss of control over five major cities in Turkey.”

“Even if Istanbul, with 11 million voters, is won with a few thousand votes, it will be perceived as a major loss,” he said.

“The results also show that the executive presidential system, which was designed to avoid coalitions, has led to a de facto coalition, since the AK Party cannot maintain majority without its symbiotic partnership with MHP.”

Ozgur Dilber, a CHP volunteer, said the results showed that the AK Party’s popularity was waning – even if  Erdogan’s bloc won in Istanbul.

“To me, the results are a proof that the number of voters who want change is increasing,” he told Al Jazeera outside the party’s election monitoring office.

Focus on economy, security

Earlier this month, official statistics showed that in the last two quarters of 2018 the Turkish economy slipped into its first recession in a decade, as inflation and interest rates soared due to the currency meltdown.

In February, inflation stood at just under 20 percent, while the Central Bank’s main interest rate is currently 24 percent.  

In the lead-up to Sunday’s vote, the People’s Alliance sought to link the local polls to internal and external risks threatening the country’s security.

Erdogan has often blamed foreign powers and “speculators” for the currency fluctuations and other economic woes faced by Turkey – a message he repeated this week.

For its part, the main opposition alliance has focused its campaign on the economic situation and its effect on citizens.

It also used Turkish flags in their campaigns, rather than party banners, in an apparent bid to attract voters from different backgrounds.

Follow Umut Uras on Twitter @Um_Uras

Serial phone leaker Steve Hemmerstoffer (@OnLeaks) has shared another alleged leak of Apple’s next-generation iPhone, presumably scheduled to launch around September this year.

Just another leak seemingly confirming my January #iPhoneXI prototype leak accuracy… 😏 pic.twitter.com/qVWF59GgKr

— Steve H.McFly (@OnLeaks) March 28, 2019

The shared picture, above, depicts handset chassis schematics newly posted to Slashleaks alongside Hemmerstoffer’s earlier CAD rendering of an iPhone, all with a large patch on the rear of the device that appears to house three lenses.

Hemmerstoffer says the chassis leak supports his claim that at least one version of the next iPhone will feature a rear triple-lens camera system in a triangular configuration, based on information he has sourced previously.

Rumors about triple lenses in an iPhone began as far back as May 2018, while well-known Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo said the same thing in October.

In January, Hemmerstoffer released renderings of the supposed iPhone 2019 model, with a similar unusual-looking patch on the rear for three lenses, a flash, and a mic.

A few days later, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple is planning on introducing a triple-lens camera system in at least one of the iPhones coming in 2019, while Bloomberg seemingly confirmed the rumor later the same month.

@OnLeaks rendering released in January of alleged triple-lens 2019 iPhone prototype

Based on the two reports, the second-generation iPhone XS Max will feature a three-lens camera, while the successors to the iPhone XS and iPhone XR will continue to use dual-lens cameras. However, neither report mentioned how the lenses would be arranged on the rear of the case, and other rumors have suggested Apple is planning to use a horizontal triple-lens camera layout.

At any rate, a triple-lens rear camera would allow for a larger field of view, a wider zoom range, improved low light performance, and it would capture more pixels. Hemmerstoffer has previously claimed that one rear camera will be 10 megapixels, while a second will come in at 14 megapixels. The details of the third sensor are apparently unknown.

According to Bloomberg, Apple is also working on a feature that would use the extra pixel data afforded by three lenses to provide tools for automatically repairing a photo or a video to fit in a subject that “may have accidentally been cut off from the initial shot.”

Early rumors suggested Apple would introduce 3D depth sensing technology for the rear-facing camera, but those plans are believed to have been delayed until 2020.

iFixit today shared a teardown of the second-generation AirPods, providing a closer look at the H1 chip with Bluetooth 5.0 and the same 93 milliwatt hour battery in each of the AirPods in line with the original pair.

New charging case on left and new AirPods with H1 chip labeled in red on right via iFixit

The repair website also pried open the new wireless charging case, which continues to have a 398 mAh battery capacity, and said there is a new “water-repellent coating” on the circuit board. The teardown notes that the updated charging case “seems designed for increased durability, but not repairability.”

Unsurprisingly, the new AirPods earned a zero for repairability, as iFixit says they remain “disappointingly disposable.” AirPods are not designed to be serviced, as no hardware components can be accessed without damaging the earphones, and sealed-in batteries make the AirPods a consumable product.

Many of these details were already known, but the teardown still provides an interesting look at the internal differences compared to the first-generation AirPods. More photos and tech specs are available over on iFixit’s website.

Apple today activated in-store pickup for its new iPad mini and iPad Air models in the United States, Canada, Australia, and select other countries.

This feature enables customers to purchase a new iPad on Apple.com and pick it up at a nearby Apple Store at a designated time. The tool can also be used to monitor inventory of the new iPads at Apple Stores based on zip or postal code, with both models currently available for pickup today at many locations.

To view in-store inventory, head to the iPad mini or iPad Air product pages, choose a color and other options, and select “see availability in other stores.” To place an order for in-store pickup, proceed with the checkout process as usual and it will be presented as an option along with standard delivery.

The new iPad mini and iPad Air are very similar. Both tablets feature Apple’s recent A12 Bionic chip, Retina displays with True Tone, first-generation Apple Pencil support, 64GB or 256GB storage, Touch ID, up to 10 hours of battery life, an 8-megapixel rear camera, two speakers, and optional Gigabit-class LTE.

The new iPad mini’s only notable differences versus the new 10.5-inch iPad Air are its smaller 7.9-inch screen and lack of Smart Keyboard compatibility. The new iPad mini also has a lower starting price of $399 versus $499 for the new iPad Air.

Apple is currently quoting an April 15-17 delivery estimate for standard ship-to-home orders, so in-store pickup looks to be a quicker option.

The new AirPods are also available for Apple Store pickup.

The party of Sudan‘s President Omar al-Bashir has decided to indefinitely postpone its general convention which was to elect a new chief after the veteran leader handed the party’s leadership to his deputy.

The general convention of the National Congress Party (NCP), held once in four years, was scheduled for next month but the exact dates had not been announced.

“The party’s shura council … decided to indefinitely suspend the holding of the general convention because of the current situation in the country,” Mohamed el-Hassan el-Amien, an NCP leader, told reporters on Saturday.

Bashir, who normally attends meetings like the one held Saturday, was not present.

Sudan has been rocked by deadly protests since December, with demonstrators calling for an end to Bashir‘s rule of three decades.

Bashir has remained defiant, and on February 22 imposed a nationwide state of emergency after an initial crackdown failed to quell the protests.

But on March 1 he handed his powers as head of NCP to his deputy, Ahmed Harun, making him acting chief until the general convention, where a new president of NCP was to be elected.

Sudan is scheduled to hold its next presidential election in 2020, and according to the charter of NCP, the chief of the party becomes its candidate in the election.

The NCP was formed a few years after Bashir swept to power in an Islamist-backed coup in 1989, and he had been party chief up until this month.

Protesters continue to stage regular demonstrations that first erupted on December 19 after a government decision to triple the price of bread.

The protests swiftly turned into nationwide rallies against Bashir‘s government, accusing it of mismanaging the country’s economy.

Officials say 31 people have died in protest-related violence, but Human Rights Watch has put the death toll at 51.

In March 2019, Apple updated its iPad lineup with two new tablets: the fifth-generation iPad mini and the 10.5-inch iPad Air. These models are now part of Apple’s full iPad line, also including the 9.7-inch iPad, 11-inch iPad Pro, and 12.9-inch iPad Pro to make five models total.

iPad Comparison

Which iPad is right for you?

If price is your biggest consideration, you’ll want to look at the basic 9.7-inch iPad, knowing it has older technology in it. If you’re looking for portability, check out the iPad mini, and if you want a mid-sized iPad with a bit more to offer than the entry-level iPad, check out the new iPad Air.

What about the iPad Pro? Apple’s high-end iPads are in a class by themselves, and it shows in the price. Unless you’re a pro-level user or cost is no object, you’ll probably want to look to cheaper options, but the iPad Pro models deliver cutting-edge technology for those who need it.

With that quick overview out of the way, let’s take a look at what each model has to offer.

iPad Models

9.7-inch iPad

Starting at the low end of the iPad price spectrum, Apple has the basic 9.7-inch iPad starting at $329 for the Wi-Fi only model. This iPad is perfect if you’re on a budget as it’s also frequently on sale, and is popular in the education field.

It has the most important features users are looking for in an iPad, like a generous display, Touch ID, and a decent rear camera, as well as support for the first-generation Apple Pencil if you’re into drawing, handwritten notes, and other tasks that don’t work quite as well with your finger.

That low-end price tag does mean there are a few sacrifices, however, as the front FaceTime camera is relatively low resolution compared to other iPads and the display is a definite step down as it lacks rich wide color support, True Tone technology that automatically adjusts overall tone based on ambient light, and an antireflective coating that helps minimize glare on other models. The display also isn’t laminated to the cover glass, so you’ll notice a bit of an air gap rather than feeling like you’re directly touching the screen.

Key specifications include:

• A 9.7‑inch Retina display
• Home button with Touch ID
• A10 Fusion chip
• 8MP back camera with HDR and 1080p HD video
• 1.2MP FaceTime HD front camera with HDR
• Compatible with first-generation Apple Pencil
• Compatible with Bluetooth keyboards
• Lightning port
• Colors include: silver, space gray, and gold

iPad mini

Next up is the newly-updated iPad mini, which starts at $399 for Wi-Fi only models. Apple’s refresh of this smaller-sized tablet improved its internals and introduced support for the first-generation Apple Pencil, making it a capable mid-range tablet with ultra portability.

With a display size of 7.9 inches, you can’t quite call it pocketable, but the iPad mini is definitely great for having something small on the go that still offers a much larger screen size than even Apple’s largest iPhones.

Looking beyond the display size, this is a very capable device using the same A12 Bionic chip from Apple’s latest iPhones, so it’s a speedy tablet. You’ll get an improved display compared to the entry-level iPad, a much better front FaceTime camera, and support for the first-generation Apple Pencil.

Key specifications include:

• Fully laminated 7.9‑inch Retina display with True Tone
• Touch ID
• A12 Bionic chip with Neural Engine
• 8MP back camera with HDR and 1080p HD video
• 7MP FaceTime HD front camera with Auto HDR
• Compatible with first-generation Apple Pencil
• Compatible with Bluetooth keyboards
• Lightning port
• Colors include: silver, space gray, and gold

10.5-inch iPad Air

In the middle of the iPad family now sits the 10.5-inch iPad Air, starting at $499 for Wi-Fi only models. Apple’s brand-new iPad Air is now the perfect mid-tier option with a nice screen size, speedier internals, and first-generation Apple Pencil support.

The iPad Air and iPad mini have nearly identical specs aside from the display size, so size is likely going to be the most significant factor if you’re deciding between the two.

The only other significant difference is that the iPad Air has a Smart Connector for easy connection to a Smart Keyboard accessory if you prefer a hardware keyboard for your iPad. The iPad mini’s smaller size means it doesn’t support a Smart Keyboard, although you can still pair a Bluetooth keyboard with it if you like.

Key specifications include:

• Fully laminated 10.5‑inch Retina display with True Tone
• Touch ID
• A12 Bionic chip with Neural Engine
• 8MP back camera with HDR and 1080p HD video
• 7MP FaceTime HD front camera with Auto HDR
• Compatible with first-generation Apple Pencil
• Compatible with Smart Keyboard and Bluetooth keyboards
• Lightning port
• Colors include: silver, space gray, and gold

iPad Pro

If you’re looking for true portable workstation power, then the last two iPads in the lineup — the iPad Pro models — could be what you’re interested in. These tablets were updated in late 2018 with Face ID and a near bezel-less design that mirrors the look of the iPhone X family.

These iPads, which start at $799 for the smaller 11-inch model and $999 for the 12.9-inch model, are a step up from the iPad Air in almost every way, from an improved “Liquid Retina” display with rounded corners and ProMotion technology for smoother display performance to a more powerful A12X chip and a better 12-megapixel rear camera with flash. You’ll also get support for the second-generation Apple Pencil, which magnetically attaches to the iPad Pro and charges wirelessly.

To be honest, the iPad Pro is overkill for most mainstream users, but if you’re a pro-level user or just want the latest technology, the iPad Pro has a lot to offer.

The main difference between the two iPad Pros is their screen sizes, so the following key specifications are for both models:

• 11‑inch and 12.9-inch Liquid Retina displays with ProMotion technology and True Tone
• Face ID
• A12X Bionic chip with Neural Engine
• 12MP back camera with Smart HDR and 4K video at 30 fps or 60 fps
• 7MP TrueDepth front camera with Portrait mode, Portrait Lighting, and Smart HDR
• Compatible with second-generation Apple Pencil
• Compatible with Smart Keyboard Folio and Bluetooth keyboards
• USB-C connector instead of Lightning
• Colors include: silver and space gray

Customization Options

Now that we’ve looked at the base specs of each of iPad models, it’s time to think about various options like storage, cellular connectivity, and AppleCare+.

Storage: There are several storage options for each iPad, so think about how much you might need. On the low end, the 9.7-inch iPad is available in two sizes not seen anywhere else in the iPad family: 32GB ($329) and 128GB ($100 upgrade at $429).

For the just-released iPad mini and iPad Air, Apple is offering two storage options: 64GB ($399 for mini and $499 for Air) and 256GB (a $150 upgrade on the previous prices).

Lastly, the iPad Pro has the most storage capacity options. You can choose from the base 64GB option ($799 for 11-inch and $999 for 12.9-inch), or 256GB ($150 upgrade from base), 512GB ($350 upgrade from base), and 1TB ($750 upgrade from base).

Power-heavy users should always look to the higher-capacity iPad models to ensure they don’t have to worry about constantly deleting apps and other files for storage space. Otherwise, Apple’s iCloud is a great way to offload files and lets you opt for a cheaper iPad with less storage.

Unless you’re storing a large local music library, downloading lots of video for offline playback, have a ton of huge apps, or doing pro-level work requiring lots of large files, mainstream users can usually get away with the lowest-tier storage options.

Cellular Connectivity: If you need to ensure that you can use your iPad at any time, including when you’re not near a Wi-Fi connection, you can opt for a Wi-Fi + Cellular option to ensure you’re always connected.

Cellular support adds $130–$150 onto the price of all corresponding Wi-Fi iPad models, depending on which iPad and which storage capacity. You’ll also have to sign up for a data plan for an additional cost with a supported carrier, like AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, or Verizon in the United States.

All told, it’s not a cheap upgrade, and many users prefer using their phone as a hotspot to deliver connectivity to a Wi-Fi iPad while on the go. But if you’re phone plan doesn’t allow for hotspot usage or you just want the convenience of having your iPad connected directly to a cellular network at all times, the option is there.

AppleCare+: New iPads come with one year of hardware repair coverage through Apple’s limited warranty policy, as well as up to 90 days of complimentary support. But if you want more coverage, Apple offers optional AppleCare+ packages priced at $69 for the 9.7-inch iPad, iPad mini, and iPad Air or $129 for the iPad Pro.

AppleCare+ extends your iPad‘s coverage to two years from the purchase date and adds up to two incidents of accidental damage coverage, subject to a service fee of $49 plus applicable taxes in the United States. Prices vary elsewhere.

iPad AppleCare+ plans also cover accidental damage to the Apple Pencil for up to two years with a $29 fee plus tax per incident. AppleCare+ provides 24/7 priority access to support advisors via online chat or phone for up to two years after the iPad‘s original purchase date.

Apple charges high fees for accidental damage to a new iPad without AppleCare+, so as with most forms of insurance, the plan can pay for itself if ever used. AppleCare+ must be added within 60 days of purchasing a device.

Accessories

Each iPad has a plethora of accessories to choose from for protection, style, or usability, many of which Apple creates and sells itself on Apple.com and in Apple retail stores.

Apple Pencil: The Apple Pencil is a stylus most popular with artists but also used by others, providing a comfortable and streamlined way to interact with the tablet. The second-generation Apple Pencil introduced sleek design changes, magnetic charging on iPad Pro, and gesture controls, none of which are available on the original Apple Pencil.

It might be unclear which iPads support which Apple Pencil models, but with the new iPad mini and iPad Air it’s become a bit simpler. In short, the iPad Pro uses the second-generation Apple Pencil while all other iPad models work with the first-generation Apple Pencil.

– First-Generation Apple Pencil ($100): 9.7-inch iPad (2018), fifth-generation iPad mini (2019), 10.5-inch iPad Air (2019)

– Second-Generation Apple Pencil ($130): 11-inch and 12.9-inch iPad Pro (2018)

In the end, if you’re only looking to purchase an iPad as a convenient app-browsing, email-checking, or FaceTime device, you don’t need an Apple Pencil. But if you’re an artist or other creative with a penchant for drawing or taking digital handwritten notes, Apple’s stylus is definitely an enhancement to the iPad experience.

For a more in-depth look at the differences between the two Apple Pencils, check out our comparison.

Cases: Apple sells Smart Cover and Smart Folio cases for all of its iPads, priced depending on the size of the device. You’ll pay $39.00 for a 9.7-inch iPad Smart Cover, $39.00 for an iPad mini Smart Cover, $49.00 for an iPad Air Smart Cover, $79.00 for an 11-inch iPad Pro Smart Folio, and $99.00 for a 12.9-inch iPad Pro Smart Folio.

These cases magnetically attach to your iPad, offering a degree of protection while also allowing you to place the tablet in numerous angled positions. The difference between the two is that the iPad Pro‘s Smart Folio cases protect the rear of the tablet as well as the front, while the Smart Cover cases only protect the front.

Keyboards: If you’re looking to do a lot of work on an iPad Pro, Apple also sells the Smart Keyboard Folio at $179.00 for the 11-inch model and $199.00 for the 12.9-inch model. This case is just like the Smart Folio, with an added Bluetooth keyboard for enhanced productivity. A similar accessory is available for the 10.5-inch iPad Air.

These Apple-made cases are compatible with iPads that have a Smart Keyboard connector, which is a special port that magnetically attaches the keyboard to the side of the iPad.

Otherwise, you can also look into popular iPad keyboard manufacturers like Brydge, Logitech, and Belkin, all of which sell Bluetooth keyboards that connect to iPads wirelessly. Keyboard cases are more expensive than your average case due to the added input use, but if you really plan on doing a lot of work and writing on your iPad, the two-in-one keyboard/protection combo is the way to go. The hardware keyboards give a much better typing experience and free up screen space on your iPad by getting rid of the software keyboard.

Cables: Apple’s iPad lineup now has differing cable standard, making matters a bit confusing. The easy way to remember is that if you’re purchasing anything that’s not an iPad Pro, you’ll be charging the iPad with a regular Apple Lightning cable.

If you’re going with an iPad Pro, then you’ll be using USB-C cables. All iPads come with their required cables in the box, but if you don’t have many around the house it’s always a good idea to stock up on more. Apple sells individual cables, but you can always shop around on Amazon for cheap and reliable brands like Anker, Aukey, and RAVPower.

So… Which iPad Should You Buy?

Overall, Apple’s brand-new 10.5-inch iPad Air is a perfect all-encompassing tablet that should hit the check marks for many buyers. You can do everything from quickly browsing Twitter and checking emails to getting a few hours of work done with a paired keyboard, which isn’t bad for the $499 starting price.

If you’re someone who has preferred the 7.9-inch form factor of the iPad mini over the years, Apple’s latest small-sized tablet is well worth the update and has nearly all of the features of the new iPad Air. The iPad mini doesn’t have a Smart Keyboard connector like the iPad Air or a Smart Keyboard case of its own, but since the iPad mini isn’t exactly a workstation device, that’s not a bad trade-off (plus, you can still connect it to a Bluetooth keyboard if you want).

For $100 less than the iPad Air at $399 (64GB Wi-Fi), you’ll still have a nice laminated display with True Tone and antireflective coating, Touch ID, the speedy A12 Bionic chip, first-generation Apple Pencil support, and the same cameras, all in an ultra-portable 7.9-inch tablet.

If you’re shopping around for a cheap tablet for a kid, definitely consider Apple’s 9.7-inch iPad, which sees discounts below its $329 price tag pretty often. Sale prices in the $230–$250 range are not unheard of, and pairing the iPad with a super-rugged child-proof case is a perfect birthday or holiday present. Frugal shoppers should also check out Apple’s refurbished store to shop around for older-model iPads offered at discount.

And, of course, on the other end are the power users. If you’re willing to spend the money to spec-out a 12.9-inch iPad Pro, you’ll get a super reliable mobile workstation with 10-hour battery life in a 1.4 lb package. If you travel frequently for work, or just like setting up at a coffee shop during the day, the iPad Pro has a chance to become your MacBook replacement with a paired keyboard.

The most recent additions to Apple’s iPad lineup provides a wide variety of options and offers clear distinctions between tablets that should help make your decision a little easier.

If you’re considering buying a new iMac but have yet to pin down which machine in Apple’s range is right for you, then keep reading. Our expert guide arms you with all the information you need to ensure the model and configuration you choose is best suited to your specific needs.

Apple offers essentially three types of iMac, two of which come in several base configurations, and you can customize the internal specifications of your chosen iMac at the point of purchase, so it’s a good idea to consider what kind of machine you’ll need ahead of time.

A well-specced iMac should last you a good few years, and apart from RAM on the 27-inch models, you can’t upgrade the internal components of Apple’s all-in-one desktops at a later date, so it’s important to choose wisely. First, let’s take a look at Apple’s 4K and 5K iMacs, the two models in the company’s range that received the most recent bump in configuration and specs options.

4K and 5K iMacs (2019)

In March 2019, Apple refreshed its Retina 4K and 5K iMac all-in-one desktop computers, upgrading the 21.5-inch and 27-inch models with new processors and graphics chips, but sticking with the same tried-and-tested design used since 2012, and the same 4K and 5K displays as the previous generation.

Which of these two iMac sizes you should buy is likely going to be driven by display size for most people, as both models are very capable machines for the average user. The 27-inch model does offer more horsepower, however, so if you’re looking for maximum performance you’ll want to opt for the larger, more expensive size.

In terms of connectivity, every iMac comes with two Thunderbolt 3 ports, four USB 3 ports, an SD card slot, a headphone jack, and Gigabit Ethernet.

Apple says the new 21.5-inch iMac models deliver up to 60 percent faster performance than the previous generation, while the new 27-inch iMac models deliver up to 2.4 times faster performance than the previous generation, narrowing the gap between the high-end standard iMac and the iMac Pro workstation.

21.5-inch 4K iMac

Apple sells two base configurations of the new 21.5-inch 4K iMac, both running on eighth-generation Intel processors. The iMac with 3.6GHz quad-core Intel Core i3 processor starts at $1,299, while the iMac with 3.0GHz six-core Intel Core i5 processor (with Turbo Boost up to 4.1GHz) starts at $1,499. See below for a breakdown of their key features.

27-inch 5K iMac

Apple sells three base configurations of the new 27-inch 5K iMac: Two mid-range models that feature eighth-generation Intel six-core processors, and a high-end model that boasts a newer ninth-generation Intel six-core processor. The memory in the cheapest base model is configurable up to 32GB, but both the more expensive mid-range machine and the high-end 5K iMac can be configured with up to 64GB of memory.

The 5K iMac with the 3.0GHz six-core Intel i5 processor (with Turbo Boost up to 4.1GHz) starts at $1,799, the iMac with the 3.1GHz six-core Intel Core i5 processor (with Turbo Boost up to 4.3GHz) starts at $1,999, and the iMac with the ninth-generation 3.0GHz six-core Intel Core i5 processor (with Turbo Boost up to 4.6GHz) starts at $2,299. See below for a breakdown of the key features found in the three models.

3.7GHz 6-core 9th-generation Intel Core i5 processor

• Turbo Boost up to 4.1GHz
• 8GB 2666MHz DDR4 memory, configurable up to 64GB
• 2TB Fusion Drive
• Radeon Pro 580X with 8GB of GDDR5 memory
• Retina 5K 5120-by-2880 P3 display
• Two Thunderbolt 3 ports
• Magic Mouse 2
• Magic Keyboard

Like with the 4K iMacs, customers can swap out the included Magic Mouse 2 for a Magic Trackpad 2 for an extra $50, or choose to receive both for an additional $129.

Display and Resolution

The main thing that sets apart Apple’s 4K and 5K iMacs is of course screen size and resolution. The 5K 27-inch iMac has a resolution of 5120 by 2880, while the 4K 21.5-inch iMac has a resolution of 4096 x 2304, and both models feature 500 nits brightness and wide color support for vivid, vibrant colors and impeccable picture quality.

Screen size shouldn’t be the only deciding factor when buying an iMac though, because Apple has packed its entire 5K iMac range with beefed up internals for faster performance.

Processor Choice

Apple has decided to stick largely with Intel’s eighth-generation processors in 2019 (Intel has already released a full range of Core i9 chips), but Apple says its chosen processors deliver up to 2x the performance of the previous generation iMacs. The biggest gains in CPU performance generally can be gauged by the processor’s number of cores, which is why all 5K iMacs come with at least six cores, and why the jump to Intel’s eight-core i9 processor costs an additional $500 on the 5K mid-tier configuration.

If you’re considering a 21.5-inch 4K iMac for undemanding tasks like emailing, web browsing, and general productivity, then a quad-core i3 processor should suit your needs well, but if you’re looking to do something more CPU-intensive like gaming or video-editing then it’s worth paying the extra $300 on the mid-tier configuration for a six-core i5 processor.

The story is a little different with the 5K iMacs because whichever configuration you choose you’re getting a very decent level of processing power, but if you plan to be doing graphic design or any kind of rendering then you’ll likely benefit from a higher-clocked six-core CPU or even an eight-core i9 processor, which is where the real power lies.

Graphics Cards

Apple continues to offer AMD Radeon Pro graphics across its entire range of new 4K and 5K iMacs, so if you’re an NVIDIA fan then you’re out of luck. That said, the new models follow in the footsteps of the 2018 MacBook Pro by offering Radeon Pro Vega graphics options in their built-to-order customization options.

The 21.5-inch iMac now features either a Radeon Pro 555X GPU or a Radeon Pro 560X by default, but if you want more power you can configure a custom model with a Radeon Pro Vega 20 GPU (with 4GB of memory). Graphics on the 27-inch models include the Radeon Pro 570X, 575X, and 580X GPUs for prebuilt models, with the Radeon Pro Vega 48 GPU (with 8GB of memory) available as a custom option for the highest configuration.

We haven’t had a chance to test these Vega GPUs, but Apple advertises up to 80 percent faster graphics performance with them compared to the previous iMac lineup, so they should be plenty enough for pros with video- or graphics-heavy workloads and users looking to play graphically intensive 3D games.

RAM Options

All of Apple’s new iMacs come with faster 2,666MHz DDR4 memory, but the base models come with just 8GB of RAM installed, which is considered a bare minimum these days, and certainly not sufficient for most professional multi-tasking workloads.

Customization options for the 4K iMac range and the lowest priced 5K iMac base model include up to 32GB of RAM (an additional $600), while the mid-tier and high-end 5K iMac models offer up to 64GB of memory, which slaps a whopping $1,000 onto the total cost if you max it out.

Apple has always made customers pay a premium at purchase for more RAM, but fortunately you can upgrade the memory yourself at a later date, but only on the 27-inch models – the new iMacs include a user-accessible memory slot on the rear, and third-party memory upgrade kits are the invariably cheaper option. Upgrading the RAM on the 21.5-inch models can be done yourself, but it’s a rather tricky process and not sanctioned by Apple.

Storage Options

The high-end 21.5-inch 4K iMac and all of the 27-inch 5K iMac base models come with either 1TB or 2TB Fusion Drives. A Fusion Drive is basically a Serial ATA drive “fused” with a solid-state drive. Frequently accessed data is stored on the faster flash portion of the drive, while less frequently accessed files live on the mechanical hard drive.

The idea is that combining the two storage technologies allows users to benefit from both fast access and voluminous capacity at a much lower cost than solid-state drives of equivalent capacity. However, Fusion Drives have been known to throw up issues such as “splitting” drives, and they’re still vulnerable to the same mechanical failures at traditional Serial ATA drives, so we’d recommend paying the extra to get an iMac with 256GB ($100), 512GB ($300), 1TB ($700) of solid-state storage instead. (On the highest end 5K iMac base model, Apple also offers a 2TB SSD option for $1,100.)

Surprisingly, Apple still sells the mid-range 21.5-inch 4K iMac base model with a 1TB Serial ATA Drive running at 5400 RPM. A traditional mechanical platter drive should be regarded as a serious bottleneck for any modern Mac, and we highly recommend that you pay the extra for solid-state storage. The base model 21.5-inch 4K iMac in particular has a 1TB SSD upgrade option for the first time.

21.5-inch Non-Retina iMac

Apple still sells a low-spec 21.5-inch iMac for $1,099. This model didn’t see any 2019 upgrades and has a slower dual-core Intel i5 processor, a non-Retina 1080p display, and less powerful integrated Intel Iris Plus graphics.

It’s a low-cost option if you don’t plan to use your iMac for CPU-demanding or graphics-heavy tasks, but most users looking for a desktop solution are probably better off buying Apple’s much more powerful Mac mini and supplying their own display and peripherals. The features include the following:

2.3GHz dual-core 7th-generation Intel Core i5 processor

• Turbo Boost up to 3.6GHz
• 8GB 2133MHz memory, configurable to 16GB
• 1TB hard drive
• Intel Iris Plus Graphics 640
• Two Thunderbolt 3 ports
• 1920-by-1080 sRGB display
• Magic Mouse 2
• Magic Keyboard

Other Mac Desktop Options

Mac mini

Apple’s Mac mini presents an excellent option for anyone looking to buy a desktop Mac without breaking the bank. Not only did Apple refresh the Mac mini in October 2018, going down this route means you’re free to choose your display and peripherals separately.

The new Mac mini, which comes in Space Gray, features quad-core and six-core 8th-Generation Intel Core processors that are up to five times faster than the previous Mac mini, four Thunderbolt 3/USB-C ports, support for up to 64GB RAM, and all SSD configurations with up to 2TB of storage available. It also includes Apple’s T2 chip for added security.

iMac Pro

Released in October 2017, the 27-inch iMac Pro was designed by Apple as a workstation for creative professionals who are looking for an all-in-one desktop with cutting edge hardware and blistering performance.

As a result, the iMac Pro narrows the gap between the highest-end 5K iMac and Apple’s redesigned Mac Pro, set to launch in 2019. It features the same design as the standard iMac, but with an all-flash architecture and a thermal design that supports an Intel Xeon processor with up to 18 cores and a top-of-the-line Radeon Pro Vega graphics.

As you’d expect, the iMac Pro comes with a premium price tag, starting at $4,999 and going up to over $15,000, but then it is the most powerful desktop machine Apple has ever built. That said, the recent update to the standard iMac means the gap is no longer as big as it once was, and most users should find them more than powerful enough for their needs.

Mac Pro

Apple’s “trash can” Mac Pro aimed at professionals hasn’t really been updated in over five years and Apple says a completely re-engineered Mac Pro is coming later this year, so at this point it’s nearly impossible to recommend the current model.

The Mac Pro largely appeals to a different market than the iMac anyway, so if you’re a mainstream consumer, the Mac Pro shouldn’t really be on your radar.

So… Which iMac Should You Buy?

As we noted above, display size is likely the main factor for most buyers, so you’ll have to decide for yourself whether you want the smaller 21.5-inch 4K model or the larger 27-inch 5K model. Both have great displays and will offer plenty of performance for the average consumer.

Once you’ve decided on a display size, you’ll need to choose your base model and any upgrade options. We recommend going with all-SSD storage if your budget allows, or at the very least upgrading the 21.5-inch model to a Fusion Drive.

Everybody’s needs are different, but we think for most users just looking for a desktop machine to be used primarily for email and web browsing, the default specs are likely enough. If you’re planning on doing gaming, video production, or other demanding tasks, then it’s time to look toward upgrades for the processor, RAM, graphics, and storage capacities. Fast Thunderbolt 3 ports give you some flexibility to add accessories like external storage drives later, so definitely think most carefully about components like the processor and graphics card that can’t be upgraded later.

We don’t recommend purchasing the $1,099 entry-level 21.5-inch model, as it hasn’t been updated in several years and was already a barebones machine when it first launched. It’s only for those on a very tight budget or for educational bulk purchases, as its lower-resolution display and internals lag significantly behind modern specs.

Gerard Williams III, lead designer of Apple’s custom iOS chips from A7 to A12X, has departed the company, according to CNET. While no indication of a change has been made on his LinkedIn profile, it does offer a glimpse into his design prowess.

Williams’ presence goes back even further into Apple device history, as he served as the technical lead for the Cortex-A8 design, ARM’s first superscalar core design and the heart of the iPhone 3GS. His role evidently grew over the years, with CPU architecture responsibilities eventually evolving into ownership of the entire system on chip (SoC), which houses CPU, graphics, image processing, secure enclave, motion, and AI cores.

A look at his patent portfolio shows he was a key force behind Apple’s foray into mixed CPU core clusters starting with the A10 Fusion chip, and transitioning into full heterogeneous cores with the A11 Bionic. His body of work also includes an emphasis on cache, memory, and energy efficiency. These have become key differentiating features as seen in performance benchmarking from sites such as AnandTech.

He came to Apple with a splash, as the A7 was Apple’s first 64-bit CPU core. This design arrived on the market over a full year before competitors like Qualcomm and Samsung could respond and largely cemented the technical prowess of the SoC team Apple had created.

If confirmed, his departure would follow the more well-known CPU architect Jim Keller, who was part of Apple’s acquisition of PA Semi. More recently, Apple’s SoC team lost its lead Manu Gulati, whose vacated role was assumed by Williams. Apple has had some success at retaining key technical executives, however, as the recent rumors of SVP of Hardware Technologies Johnny Srouji’s candidacy for Intel CEO fizzled out. Apple also managed to keep Bob Mansfield despite having announced his retirement.

As for potential destinations, Intel has become the number one destination for high-profile technical leads, as they have lured many key AMD executives, as well as former Apple lead Jim Keller. Intel has been absorbing members of the press as well as it seeks to reclaim its technical leadership in the industry, taking on long-tenured PC Perspective writers, including editor-in-chief Ryan Shrout.

Qom, Iran – The year is 1979. An Islamic revolution has just overthrown Iran‘s powerful US-backed king. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini is now in charge of what was for centuries an ancient empire.

In the months after Khomeini seized power, Iran’s revolutionaries began the difficult work of rebuilding government institutions using Islam as a roadmap.

The first major act of the new leaders was to hold a referendum. On March 30 and 31, the shaky leadership asked all Iranians over the age of 16 a simple yes or no question: should Iran be an Islamic Republic?

Looking back, it may seem strange to ask that of a country that had just experienced a successful Islamic revolution. But even though Mohammad Raza Pahlavi – the shah of Iran – was gone, Iranians remained divided about what they wanted the future to look like. At the time, the Islamic Republic of Iran was far from a foregone conclusion.

In one of his first speeches after returning from exile, before the revolution had taken hold, Khomeini seemed to know he would have to put his leadership claim to some kind of vote.

“I must tell you that Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, that evil traitor, has gone. He fled and plundered everything. He destroyed our country and filled our cemeteries. He ruined our country’s economy,” Khomeini said.

“I shall appoint my own government. I shall slap this government in the mouth. I shall determine the government with the backing of this nation, because this nation accepts me.”

But even after Pahlavi’s removal, revolutionaries were hit by infighting, the new government was still suppressing anti-revolution dissent in parts of the country, and just weeks before the referendum tens of thousands of women marched in the streets of Tehran to protest against a new mandatory veil law.

For Khomeini and his supporters, the referendum was a way to legitimise their rule. Nearly 99 percent of Iranians voted in favour of abandoning Iran’s old constitution and using Islam as the blueprint to write a new one. The vote and its results were scrutinised by critics all over the world. But in December, Iranians voted again in favour of ratifying their new Islamic constitution.

Today, defenders of the Islamic system of government point to the referendum as a democratic mandate for Iran’s current theocratic system.

It’s one of the lesser known events of 1979, but the referendum was a pivotal moment that fused religion and politics, and transformed Iran’s legislative landscape.

Khomeini’s road to Tehran

Iran’s transformation from empire to Islamic Republic began in Khomeini’s hometown of Qom in the 1960s. One too many fiery speeches admonishing the royal family forced him into exile in 1964. He spent 15 years away from home, much of it in another city of religious scholars – Najaf in Iraq. But that didn’t stop him from criticising the shah of Iran for making concessions to Western powers that he saw as a violation of Iranian sovereignty.

He smuggled letters and bootleg cassette tapes into Iran, using an underground network of mosques and seminaries. His speeches, played in homes around the country, became the bedrock of the revolution to come.

Mahmoud Mohammadi Yazdi is the caretaker of Khomeini’s family home in Qom. He was one of Khomeini’s students and a young man at the time of the revolution. He was with him during his exile in Najaf and says Khomeini’s primary motivation was to improve the lives of ordinary people.

“He was perfect in every way,” Yazdi said. “Everyone liked him.”

Khomeini’s followers remain fiercely loyal. At his request, Yazdi risked his own life to return to Iran as part of a first wave of the revolution.

“We all accepted whatever he said,” Yazdi said. “Two years before the revolution, he wanted someone to come to Iran [and] he said it is dangerous but there is no one to go but me. I told him if he is OK with it, I would go.

“I came here and I faced hardships, but it was not a big problem. I was arrested here in Qom and later I was released. But if [the authorities] knew why I was there, they would never have let me go. We believed what we were doing was the right thing. We all thought the same way; it was just for God and Imam [Khomeini].”

Khomeini was becoming much more than a champion for common people. His revolution changed him as much as it changed Iran, transforming him from dutiful cleric to monumental political figure. He may have considered his actions at the time to be a spiritual calling. But the wheels he set in motion decades ago made religion a right of passage for modern-day Iranian political life.

Qom, city of Iran’s future leaders

Getting anything done in the capital, Tehran, often means getting the blessing of clerics who oversee elected officials. In place for 40 years, this system has made Qom, Iran’s religious heartland, one of the most important cities in the country.

“If before the revolution, very few young people were interested in entering [Islamic seminaries], today many youths that would have been educated in universities in the past are entering [Islamic seminaries],” said Seyyed Ali Mousavi, a professor in one of Qom’s many religious institutions.

Before the Islamic Revolution, Mousavi said, religious scholars were primarily concerned with how Iranians conducted their spiritual lives. After 1979, their public role changed drastically.

“After the [1979 Islamic Revolution], other than their social role, clergies took on political roles,” he said, adding, “not just in parliament, they even entered other branches of government. So, they became more influential.

“Today, the impact of seminaries and clergies on the social space of Iran, as well as politics, is greater than in the past. It has meant clergies have dual roles, and that both have been expanded. Firstly, in society and secondly in the ruling class.”

For Iran’s younger generations, religious study has become a precursor to any ambitions of government work. The city is filled with young men and women in their 20s, hoping to someday climb the political ladder in the capital.

One seminary student running between classes was clear in his assessment about the value of a religious education in modern-day Iranian politics.

“The most important issue in any society is its ideology,” he said. “The ideology of Islam is the best and the clerics of Qom have the right ideology. So, because it is where the clerics are, Qom is Iran’s most important city.”

Apple on Friday made the unprecedented move of canceling work on the AirPower, the wireless charging mat that was supposed to charge the Apple Watch, iPhone, and AirPods all at once.

There are already a number of AirPower-like alternative products on the market, and we’re likely going to be seeing additional replacements in the future. None of these accessories do exactly what the AirPower promised because there are dedicated spots to charge each device, but each option will charge more than one device at one time.

1. Nomad Base Station Apple Watch Edition ($139) – Nomad’s Apple Watch Base Station has an Apple Watch charging puck for charging the Apple Watch, along with a double coil Qi wireless charging pad. You can use the wireless charging pad to charge the iPhone horizontally, but if you put the iPhone vertically, it frees up a little spot for charging the AirPods, so all three devices charge at one time. We reviewed the Nomad Base Station and liked it quite a lot, though it is quite expensive.

2. Belkin Boost Up Wireless Charging Dock ($127) – This is another expensive dock, but it’s another that we reviewed and liked quite a lot. Belkin’s Boost Up Wireless Charging Dock has an upright charging space for wirelessly charging an iPhone and a space for the Apple Watch, but this isn’t a dock suitable for the AirPods. Still, it’s a good option for dual device charging.

3. SliceCharge 2 Wireless Charging Mat ($60) – The SliceCharge 2 has an Apple Watch charging puck in the middle and two wireless charging coils at the sides, so you can either charge two iPhones or an iPhone and an AirPods 2 Wireless Charging Case. It’s affordable, slim, and supports 7.5W wireless charging for the iPhone.

4. ZENS Dual + Watch Wireless Charger (99 euros) – The Dual + Watch Wireless Charger from European company ZENS is another option that we recently reviewed and were impressed with. It has a stand for charging an Apple Watch, along with a base that can wirelessly charge two iPhones at one time. It’s 99 euros which is pricy, but ZENS does ship worldwide. This dock is temporarily out of stock, but it’s coming back in May.

5. NytStnd AirPods Trio ($109) – The Nytstnd will charge your AirPods, Apple Watch, and iPhone all at once, but there’s a catch – there’s no wireless charging for AirPods. The Apple Watch charges via a standard Apple Watch charging puck (that you supply), while there’s a wireless charging pad for iPhone, a Lightning port for AirPods, and one extra Lighting port. On the plus side, you can charge all three items at once and there’s also an extra spot for storing keys or other odds and ends. You also don’t need the new AirPods 2 with Wireless Charging Case to use it.

6. Unravel Wireless Charger ($99) – This interesting little charger features three charging stations, one for AirPods, one for Apple Watch, and one for iPhone. You can lay them flat or roll them up in a configuration that works for you if you only need to charge two devices at once. We haven’t tried this, but it’s a neat design and the reviews look to be largely positive.

Affordable AirPower Alternatives From Amazon

If you go to Amazon and type in “AirPower” or “Wireless Charging Station” you’ll see a whole slew of cheap wireless chargers that promise to charge your Apple Watch, iPhone, and AirPods all at once. We haven’t tested any of these options and can’t verify whether they work, and at these price points, there’s no way they’re using Apple-certified components.

Still, if you’re looking for an alternative to the AirPower that’s super affordable, these might be what you want. We’ll list some of the options that are getting better ratings below.

• Conido Wireless Charging Station ($42) – This charging station has an upright charger for the iPhone, an Apple Watch charging puck with stand, and a slot for charging the AirPods, but with Lightning instead of wirelessly.
• OLEBR Charging Stand ($39) – The OLEBR is similar to the Conido, but it uses Lightning for the iPhone and the AirPods while offering a charging puck for the Apple Watch. So this one isn’t wireless at all, but still charges multiple devices at once.
• MQOUNY Wireless Charger 3-in-1 ($39) – This stand is rather compact, offering an upright wireless charger for the iPhone, an Apple Watch charging puck, and above that, a holder for the AirPods that charges them over Lightning.
• Bestand 3-in-1 Wireless Charging Stand ($48) – This wireless charging stand has an upright wireless charger for the iPhone, a charging arm for the Apple Watch, and a Lightning connector for charging the AirPods.
• IBIS 9W Dual Wireless Fast Charging Station 3 ($40) – There’s no space for the Apple Watch on this one, but it will charge your iPhones and your AirPods with Wireless Charging Case.

More Charging Options

The iPhone and the AirPods Wireless Charging Case will work with any Qi-based wireless charger on the market, so there are an endless number of single device wireless chargers you can get as well.

Feedback

Have a favorite AirPower alternative that we didn’t list here? Let us know in the comments.

Apple-owned Texture has announced that it will be shutting down on May 28, 2019, pointing customers towards Apple News+.

Texture is a subscription-based magazine service that Apple acquired last year to serve as the foundation of its own Apple News+ magazine and newspaper subscription service launched earlier this week.

As noted by TechCrunch, this news is unfortunate for Texture subscribers who use Android, as Apple News+ is only available on the iPhone, iPad, and Mac. Apple News+ costs $9.99 per month in the United States, the same price as Texture, and is also available for $12.99 per month in Canada.