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A coronavirus vaccine developed by China’s Sinovac Biotech was found to be just 50.4 percent effective at preventing symptomatic infections of COVID-19 in a Brazilian trial, researchers said on Tuesday, barely enough for regulatory approval and well below the rate announced last week.
The latest results are a substantial disappointment for Brazil, as the Chinese vaccine is one of two that the federal government has lined up to begin immunisation during the second wave of the world’s second-deadliest COVID-19 outbreak.
Several scientists and observers criticised the Butantan Institute, a biomedical centre for releasing partial data just days ago that generated unrealistic expectations. The confusion may add to scepticism in Brazil about the Chinese vaccine, which President Jair Bolsonaro has criticised, questioning its “origins.”
“We have a good vaccine. Not the best vaccine in the world. Not the ideal vaccine,” said microbiologist Natalia Pasternak, criticising Butantan’s triumphant tone.
Last week, the Brazilian researchers had celebrated results showing 78 percent efficacy against “mild to severe” COVID-19 cases, a rate they later described as “clinical efficacy.”
But they said nothing at the time about a group of “very mild” infections among those who had received the vaccine but did not require clinical assistance.
Ricardo Palacios, a medical director for clinical research at Butantan, said on Tuesday that the new lower efficacy finding included data on those “very mild” cases.
“We need better communicators,” said Gonzalo Vecina Neto, a professor of public health at the University of Sao Paulo and former head of Brazilian health regulator Anvisa.
Piecemeal disclosures about Chinese vaccine trials globally have raised concerns that they have not been subject to the same public scrutiny as alternatives developed by US and European manufacturers.
Palacios and officials in the Sao Paulo state government, which funds Butantan, emphasised that none of the volunteers inoculated with the vaccine had to be hospitalised with COVID-19 symptoms.
Public health experts said that alone will be a relief for Brazilian hospitals that are buckling under the strain of surging caseloads. However, it will take longer to curb the pandemic with a vaccine that allows so many mild cases.
“It’s a vaccine that will start the process of overcoming the pandemic,” Pasternak said.
Delays and disappointment
Researchers at Butantan delayed the announcement of their results three times, blaming a confidentiality clause in a contract with Sinovac.
In the meantime, Turkish researchers said last month that the vaccine was 91.25 percent effective based on an interim analysis. Indonesia gave the vaccine emergency-use approval on Monday based on interim data showing it is 65 percent effective.
Butantan officials said the design of the Brazilian study, focusing on front-line health workers during a severe outbreak in Brazil which included elderly volunteers, made it impossible to compare the results directly with other trials or vaccines.
Still, COVID-19 vaccines in use from Pfizer Inc with partner BioNTech SE and Moderna Inc proved to be about 95 percent effective in preventing illness in their crucial late-stage trials.
The disappointing CoronaVac data is the latest setback for vaccination efforts in Brazil, where more than 200,000 people have died since the outbreak began – the worst death toll outside the United States.
Brazil’s national immunisation programme currently relies on the Chinese vaccine and the jab developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.
Anvisa, which has stipulated an efficacy rate of at least 50 percent for vaccines in the pandemic, has already pressed Butantan for more details of its study after it filed for emergency-use authorisation on Friday.
AstraZeneca failed to deliver active ingredients to Brazil over the weekend, leaving the government scrambling to import finished doses of the vaccine from India to begin inoculations.
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